By 2014, united states media ownership was concentrated mainly in the hands of six companies. Media capture in europe media development investment fund. The issues of media ownership and control can never be overemphasized due to the dwindling situations surrounding media practice in nigeria. The commission used the evidence collected in these studies, as well as the comments, to guide and support its decisions in the 2006 ownership proceeding. Media ownership is of interest to research on journalism due to the assumption that ownership can have an impact of the contents and practices of journalism. Instead of a single summary report, our approach is to roll out a series of fact sheets showcasing the most important current and historical data points for each sector in an easytodigest format a few at a time. Feminists have used new platforms and new activist tools to speak out and organise against sexism and misogyny, sometimes in the news media too. Thus, the media of venezuela consist of several different types of communications media. The influence of media ownership and control on media. They contend that publicly owned media outlets are more objective in their news coverage than privately held companies altschull, 1984. There are important distinctions between these forms however. The article focuses at the colonial period, black nationalism and resistance period and the postindependence period and shows how developments in these eras have dovetailed to form the countenance of the media today. The first is the newspaperbroadcast cross ownership rule.
Media concentration in the united states oxford scholarship. Doc does the current state of media ownership mean the. The above is a description of the current state of media and journalism in the words of the renowned. State land is not sold outright but some is available on a leasehold basis. The full study is available online and includes a database with news industry trend data and a slideshow about how news functions on social media. History and media philippines media ownership monitor.
Frame contention in different types of media ownership a. Mahathir mohammed declared that malaysia was a muslim state. In many cases, these companies control everything from initial production to final distribution. Thirdly, state media ownership can be less biased, more complete and accurate if consumers are ignorant and in addition to private media that would serve the governing classes. Media ownership and democracy in the digital information age. Mass media in venezuela comprise the mass and niche news and information communications infrastructure of venezuela. State of the media in zambia 5 the state of the media report is a quarterly assessment of the media environment in zambia. Media ownership, media coverage, news framing, federal budget 1. The media is said to take the coloration of where the practice is being carried out i. This book presents a critical view of the current state of commercial mass media in america. Media ownership and concentration in south africa oxford. Secretary of state may also intervene in media mergers on the grounds of public. Media ownership and control versus press freedom in a. Following an overview of the american media landscape, the remainder of the chapter focuses on print media newspapers, book publishing, magazine publishing, audiovisual media radio, broadcast television, multichannel tv platforms, cable and satellite tv, film, telecommunications media wireline and wireless.
Media ownership preface the issues of media ownership concentration and the formulation and implementation of an effective media legislation received considerable attention in recent years. These labels refer to things in this case like media, media ownership, control, private media, public media, news and information sources etc. Vehicles should have been registered outof state at least 30 days prior to application for connecticut registration. Mass media are seen as a social medium that contributes to building strong nations. The state, specific governments, or the public, own a large proportion of the worlds media especially radio and television. It examines the media through the lens of the public policy debates about limits on the number and type of media outlets that a single firm can own. Specify code 4 and, in the area labeled exemption information, write in order 1 the state in which you were residing when you purchased vehicle, 2 the date the vehicle. The decision opened up cross media ownership in the same market, inviting newspapers and broadcasters to operate under one roof in every major city. Policies should also be written and signed by current employees who may have been hired before a policy was in place.
Concentration of media ownership is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or. State leases are granted and managed by the director of lands. Compaine and his coauthor, douglas gomery, examine the trends and state of media ownership industry segment by industry segment in 10 chapters. The 6 companies that own almost all media infographic. The nevada cannabis compliance board ccb regularly releases news, updates, and frequently sought records on the states legal cannabis industry to licensees, stakeholders, consumers and the general public.
Changes to australias media ownership laws have tended to increase this concentration. If co ownership check one commonand requires all signatures to transfer ownership 1 2 3. We must report to the secretary of state culture, media and sport at least every three years. Contemporary research demonstrates increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated and dominated by a very small number of firms. Trends of ownership and control of media in south africa. These are some of the findings of pew research centers 2016 state of the news media report, now in its th year. Media ownership is entrenched in the constitution and is maintain by a constitutional principles which allows government and private ownership of the print media and put the electronic media under the exclusive pressure of government both at state and federal levels except where an individual is granted to concern to establish it by the. The essence of embarking on this research work media ownership and its influence on editorial policy is to xray the extent the publishers, or owners of various media houses has gone in using their ownership factor to determine the pace such a media or media as the case may be follows. Pdf media ownership is of interest to research on journalism due to the assumption. In addition to ownership concentration of the mass media industry, content provision.
State freehold lands state lands with current freehold titles. In nigeria, there are three main types of media ownership namely, government ownership, private ownership and mixed ownership. Consequently, we can say that special media ownership rules exist across the world because the. A good example of this was provided by peter westerway, former chair of the australian broadcasting tribunal, who said at a 1997 conference on media ownership and control. Media ownership deregulation in the united states and australia. Competition regulation is an important part of restricting monopolies as is the professionalism and independence of journalism. The same company tends to have listed shares in the share market. Although there exists little comprehensive empirical and theoretical study on the issue. International journal of humanities social sciences and education ijhsse page 41 the influence of media ownership and control on media agenda setting in nigeria 6. The most thorough recent treatment of media ownership is eli noams media ownership and concentration in america 2009, which painstakingly analyzes previous literature and quantifies media ownership patterns across diverse media sectors amounting to 100 information industries over 25 years. The influence of media ownership and control on media agenda.
Media ownership regulation must utilize these insights to maximize. Key point recent trends in media ownership and control suggest that the number of companies controlling global mass media has significantly shrunk in recent years. Media ownership regulation in australia parliament of. The issues of media ownership concentration and the formulation and implementation of an effective media. After a quick look at the south african media scene, the chapter analyzes print media newspapers, book publishing, magazine publishing, audiovisual media radio, broadcast television, multichannel tv platforms, video channels, film, telecommunications media wireline and wireless telecom, and internet media internet.
Comcast, disney, 21st century fox news corporation, time warner and viacom in the united kingdom in 2017 10 companies received 70% of the revenue generated by all media companies, and 40 companies received 92% of all of the revenue source. In modern economies and societies, the availability of information is central to better. Pdf the influence of media ownership and control on. Courts, in rejecting virtually every fcc media ownership regulation in recent years, have recoiled at the fccs inconsistent, unprincipled answers. South africas news media has become, in the post1994 democratic era, among the most concentrated in the world, affecting the quality of its content and the sales of its newspapers. This policy should detail ownership and use of personal and professional social media accounts. However, pigouvian economists, who advocate regulation and nationalisation, are supportive of free and private media.
Media integrity matters south east european media observatory. Oct 14, 2019 by 2014, united states media ownership was concentrated mainly in the hands of six companies. Should newspapers or television channels be state or privately owned. State and government owned media are under direct state or ruling party control and may therefore tend toward favouring incumbent parties or candidates. This chapter examines media ownership and concentration in the united states. This is the centers annual analysis of the state of the organizations that produce the news and make news available to the public day in and day out. Media deregulation is the reduction or abolition of laws limiting media ownership and regulating media output. In the case of government ownership, the media house is established, controlled and financed by the government, which the private ownership is when an individual or a group of persons establish, finance and control the. By way of monopolising the media sphere, the government took steps towards nationalising key media institutions from as early as the 1960s.
This question in turn is directly linked to the issue of media ownership state vs. Mass media ownership and its effects on different aspects of mass media performance. Venezuela also has a strong music industry and arts scene. Minister with portfolio responsibilities for media policy becomes, or is perceived to become, captured by particular media commercial interests. In a 2016 speech, ccp leader xi jinping told state media, wherever the readers are, wherever the viewers are, that is where propaganda reports must extend their tentacles. The philippine media landscape is product of and subject to a stormy history that is characterized by recurring patterns. The term public media is often used to refer to these forms of media ownership. Official used car guide, eastern edition or the bill of sale. This chapter describes media ownership and concentration in south africa. Apr 01, 2021 this case concerns three of the fccs current ownership rules. Media owners are in a position to influence media content, and the mere pos. To mark world press freedom day on wednesday, may 3, the freedom for media, freedom for all network released its third semestral report on the state of philippine media under the duterte administration.
Media ownership and its influence on editorial policy. The research draws on a content analysis of a total of fiftyone news organizations in sweden, france, and the united states, representing, respectively, hallin and mancinis democratic corporatist, polarized pluralist, and liberal models. There are a number of types of state land which are as follows. The current media ownership rules only apply to newspapers, television and radio. In malaysia, various steps has been taken by the government to improve the level performance of budgeting by the federal government. Alternatively, media ownership reforms could be linked with the end of the simulcast period, in line with the digital action plan. Media ownership issues are also discussed in structure of media ownership. As such, current media business structures make ownership distinctio. This paper will examine the current ownership structure of malaysias electronic media, and specifically will seek to examine the implications of malaysias political environment on the media s political content. Since the introduction of commercial tv, there has been a steady reduction of the regulations governing media and in result a rapid expansion of channels and competition between terrestrial, satellite and cable companies. Diversity of viewpoints is also helped by a variety of.
This topic attracts many scholars due to importance of mass media in social life of society and its ability to affect publics. Media ownership regulation in australia parliament of australia. After examining 100 separate media and network industries in detail, the book provides a powerful summary and analysis of concentration trends across industries and major media sectors. Having described the basic patterns of media ownership, we evaluate the data in light of the public interest and the public choice theories. Ownership effects 1 effects of mass media ownership on. Media ownership reforms could take effect following automatic changes to the regulatory framework in 2007 that would also allow new licences for digital services on reserved spectrum to be allocated. Media privatization and the lessening of state dominance over media content has continued. State of the news media methodology the state of the news media fact sheets use a range of different methodologies to study the health of the u. The main concern with ownership in journalism scholarship is market concentration and. A good example of this was provided by peter westerway, former chair of the australian broadcasting tribunal, who said at a 1997 conference on media ownership. With regards to cross media ownership, the report points out that no such restrictions exist in india, in stark contrast with most other countries in the world with a free press, including the united states, the united kingdom, france, and canada. Media ownership elizabeth hart editorial independence the concentration of media ownership also matters because of its potential for the control of editorial matter, news and other information throughout the media.
Media ownership and concentration in america oxford scholarship. Should newspapers or television channels be state or privately. In governments digital britain final report, government asked us specifically to consider the impact of the current local media ownership rules on the sustainability of local media. Effects of mass media ownership on serving public interest. This edition of the report covers the third quarter of 2016. State ownership of the media imposes particular challenges on voter educators, especially those working in transitional situations. Initially adopted in 1975, that rule prohibits a single entity from owning a radio or television broadcast station and a daily print newspaper in the same media market. The report describes the conditions under which the media fraternity.
As such, current media business structures make ownership distinctions. Concentration of media ownership also known as media consolidation or media convergence is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media. Monopolistic ownership of the media, like state control, can pose a significant threat to media diversity and pluralism, and therefore to freedom of expression. Ht media has shares in bse, nse, kk birla group has 69% stake in ht media, ht manages newspaper, radio etc. Media ownership deregulation in the united states and. Within the media watch program, we drew attention to the threat these issues pose to media pluralism in 2002 based on. Media ownership 2006 research studies archive 73107. It also looks at local media power, vertical concentration, and the changing nature of media ownership through financial institutions and private equity. Although the colonial administrations ownership of media was criticised, the postindependent government has seemingly adopted similar measures of state ownership and by extension control over media. This article discusses the history and current state of mainstream media in zimbabwe. Media ownership patterns the ownership of the mass media namely. Through a history of mergers and acquisitions, these companies have concentrated their control over what we see, hear and read. Media ownership regulation, the first amendment, and. Mar 06, 2017 company ownership pattern in this type of ownership, the company owns the media.
This paper will examine the current ownership structure of. Bagdikian 2004 notes that in 1983, 50 corporations controlled the vast majority of all news media in the usa, but by 2004 media ownership was concentrated in seven corporations. Does the current state of media ownership mean the demise of the public realm. Ownership has an enormous bearing on the nature of a media outlets elections coverage or, for that matter, any political coverage.
1282 287 1443 800 938 1820 957 1394 1880 69 122 1835 1735 1791 1263 406 1152 381 946 838 498 96 43 895 335 1523 1582 348 862 1241 1716 1304 169