The only hypersensitivity not associated with this etiology is the transient spontaneously resolving hypersensitivity associated with the dental bleaching process. Apr 01, 2021 this theory proposes that syringomyelia results from a. Mar 17, 2021 brannstroms hydrodynamic theory quick reference a theory, first described by m. What is gardners hydrodynamic theory of the pathophysiology.
But how it reaches the nerve endings could not be explained. Dentin hypersensitivity is an abrupt intense pain caused by innocuous stimuli. Cold as a diagnostic aid in cases of irreversible pulpitis. Treatment of dental hypersensitivity lupine publishers.
Dentine hypersensitivity dhs is a wide spread painful dental problem. Based on the hydrodynamic theory, dentinal hypersensitivity is a transient tooth pain. Jul 04, 2020 the hydrodynamic theory also explains why the application of local anesthesia at the site of exposed dentin fails to block the dentin hypersensitivity. Cracked tooth exposed dentin caries 18 jk mitchell, dds, med. Effect of thermal stresses on the mechanism of tooth pain. Early studies in hydrodynamic stability arose in the theory of water waves by newtonfollowedby seminalwork bylaplace,cauchy,poissonand later,bystokes. Dental pain evoked by hydrostatic pressures applied to. However, understanding such a receptor and its associated mechanism of action only began not long ago.
The hydrodynamic theory suggests that changes in the flow of the fluid present in the dentinal tubules can trigger receptors present on nerves located at the pulpal aspect thereby eliciting a pain response figure 5. Coupling soft materials to chemical reactions leads to mech. There is a longstanding question regarding the phenomenon that cold stimulation evokes sharper and more shooting pain sensations than hot stimulation. Jan 20, 2014 short described as sudden shock eliciting factor. Pdf fluid mechanics in dentinal microtubules provides. Pdf recognition and management of odontogenic referred pain. It states that different types of stimuli act on exposed dentine, causing increased fluid flow through the dentinal tubules. It then describes the theory of grubin, who presented the ehl entrance analysis in 1949. Pattern theory goldscheider 1894 critical determinants of pain eg. Straightthrough channel from skin to brain descartes 2. Aug 09, 2020 theories of pain transmission through dentin. Sep 02, 20 extended hydrodynamic theory of the peak and minimum pool boiling heat fluxes the hydrodynamic theory of the extreme pool boiling heat fluxes is expanded to embrace a variety of problems that have not previously been analyzed.
Chapter 6 an introduction to hydrodynamic stability. This theory states that stimuli thermal, chemical, tactile or evaporative are transmitted to the pulp surface due to movement of fluid. Jan 01, 1986 these observations fur ther supported the hydrodynamic theory of dentin sen sitivity. Brannstroms hydrodynamic theory of pain is globally accepted for the mechanism of dentin. The hydrodynamic theory was developed in the 1960s and suggests that a stimulus could remove fluid from the dentinal tubules causing a rapid out.
Dental thermal pain is a significant health problem in daily life and dentistry. The hydrodynamic model uses linearized free surface conditions for computational e. These fluid movements stimulate a baroreceptor which leads to neural discharge. It states that environmental, mechanical, thermal, and chemical changes cause the movement of fluid within dentinal tubules, which stimulate the terminals of pulpal nerve fibers located within the tubule inlet walls, thereby inducing transient acute pain. Chief among them is gardners hydrodynamic theory, widely accepted for more than two decades. According to this theory, the movement of fluids within the dentin and pulp stimulates the nerves causing pain. Desensitizing agents treatment modalities fall into two categories. The hydrodynamic theory seems to provide the most feasible explanation of the events that occur. Since the movement of odontoblast nuclei into tu bules provides a means of assessing fluid movement in the dentinal tubules, it was possible to use this experimental model system to determine the effects of pain producing stimuli on fluid movement. The mechanism by which the pain associated with dentinal hypersensitivity is currently believed to occur is brannstroms hydrodynamic theory.
The process is called the hydrodynamic theory of pain 3, 14. All external stimuli translate into hydrodynamic changes that alter the pulpal equilibrium and elicit pain. In human volunteers hydrostatic pressures were applied to prepared dentinal cavities. Dentinal hypersensitivity hydrodynamic theory dentin. Caries exposes tubules, which can be sensitive to air or sweets.
Any stimulating factor like heat, cold, sweet, sour, drying of dentin etc mechanism. This theory postulates that fluids within the dentinal tubules are disturbed by thermal, physical or osmotic changes. The hydrodynamic or fluid movement theory is one of three main theories in dentistry developed to explain dentine hypersensitivity, which is a sharp, transient pain arising from stimuli exposure. Dec 09, 2012 the current pain mechanism of dhs is thought to be the hydrodynamic theory. Now let us get to know about each of these theories briefly.
According to brannstroms hydrodynamic theory, 8 when an appropriate stimulus is applied to the outer dentin surface, there is a displacement of the contents of the dentinal tubules, that gives rise to a mechanical stimulation of the pain at the pulpodentinal border. Jfm, 2003 u heat conduction, species diffusion, viscous dissipation, are resolved on the diffusion scale l f, which constitutes the flame, within which there is a thin reaction zone of thickness. A hydrodynamic mechanism in the transmission of pain producing stimuli. Additional information was also obtained by using manual library search for relevant topics in. Feb 20, 2021 pain associated with tooth sensitivity typically is very abrupt. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf read fulltext.
Theories of pain transmission through dentin youtube. He proposed that the reynolds hydrodynamic lubrication theory and the hertz elastic contact theory should be linked together to solve the ehl problem, and he first gave an approximate solution of the isothermal ehl. Dentin hypersensitivity and its etiology dental education hub. What is gardners hydrodynamic theory of the pathophysiology of syringomyelia.
Several theories have been put forth to explain the pathogenesis of syringomyelia, the formation of longitudinal, fluidfilled cavities within the spinal cord. The pain has a rapid onset and is usually of short duration, but it can persist as a dull ache. The braanstroms hydrodynamic theory of dentin hypersensitivity explains it well. The current pain mechanism of dhs is thought to be the hydrodynamic theory. The most common clinical cause for exposed dentinal tubules is gingival recession. The evidence supporting hydrodynamic theory is based on in vivo studies in human and animal subjects. Brannstrom, journaljournal of endodontics, year1986, volume12. Basic theories of hydrodynamic lubrication principles of. The distribution of nerves in dentinal tubules varies, with about 40% occurring over the pulp horns and a lesser percentage located in the cervical dentin.
Incidentally, most of the early work was done before the world got acquainted with fourier series, although cauchy employed defacto fourier transforms 5, 6. Brannstroms hydrodynamic theory of dentin hypersensitivity. Pdf in one form or the other, pain is the major reason for patients to. Clinical dentin hypersensitivity the journal of contemporary. This account describes the development of the physical approach with particular emphasis on the advances made in the understanding of solid explosive behaviour since the second. Pdf dentin hypersensitivity an overview anil sukumaran. Gardners hydrodynamic theory of syringomyelia revisited.
When comparing manual brushes for types for bristle, soft and hard. Conversely, if an inward direction of fluid flow is initiated the pulpal pressure will rise further. Fluid film lubrication is a hydrodynamic phenomenon characterized by a lubricant flowing in the narrow gap between two closely spaced surfaces. Jun 09, 2017 dentinal hypersensitivity hydrodynamic theory june 9, 2017 ricky rubin dentinal hypersensitivity is discomfort sharp, shooting, or stabbing pain caused by exposed dentin and open dentinal tubules often due to gingival recession. Notes 1 develops, from the fundamental equations of fluid mechanics mass and momentum transport of a newtonian fluid, the classical. Yes, dentin is an insulator, but temperature changes may still cause tooth pain even though the pulp seems protected.
The aim of this study was to compare the adverse effects of hot and cold beverages on an intact tooth and, then, to provide physical evidence to support the hydrodynamic theory of tooth pain sensation mechanism. Gardner attributed the genesis of syringomyelia to craniospinal pressure differentials in the setting of fourth ventricular outlet. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity. The initiation and progression of dhs are influenced by characteristics of the teeth and periodontium as well as the oral environment and external influences. The hydrodynamic theory of dentin sensitivity holds that pain is evoked by stimuli producing minute shifts in tubule fluid. There are three widelyheld theories on the pathogenesis of this type of pain. The displacement of tubule contents, if the movement occurs rapidly enough, may produce deformation of nerve fibers in the pulp or. Noxious stimuli odontoblastic process pulpal nerves hydrodynamic theory. Dentin hypersensitivity is an abrupt intense pain caused by innocuous stimuli to exposed. This theory states that stimuli thermal, chemical, tactile or evaporative are transmitted to the pulp surface due to movement of fluid or semifluid within open dentinal tubules. Daily hot and cold thermal loadings on teeth may result in structural deformation, mechanical stress, and pain signaling. Treatment of hypersensitive dentin the correct patient history and intraoral examination are important for the diagnosis of any disease or condition and the same is true for dentin hypersensitivity. The hydrodynamic theory of detonation provides a physical description of the detonation process without reference to the details of the chemical processes involved. This include direct neural stimulation theory transduction theory fluid hydrodynamic theory.
Etiology and treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. As soon as the cause of the sensitivity is removed, the pain has a tendency of subsiding. This process is similar to activating the neural fibers around the hair by touching or pressing the. The mechanism by which the pain associated with dentinal hypersensitivity is currently believed to occur is described by brannstroms hydrodynamic theory. Dentin hypersensitivityetiology, treatment possibilities and. This phenomenon, however, outlives the wellknown hydrodynamic theory used to explain dental thermal pain mechanism. For hydrodynamic thin films, the dimensionless pressure p is defined according to 2 u l pc p 1.
Hence, the higher the number and greater the diameter of the open dentine tubules the more intense will be the pain from dhs. The sensation a person feels in his or her tooth, based on the hydrodynamic theory, usually occurs only when a stimulus such as a blast of air is present. The peculiar nature of dentin sensitivity is a source of puzzlement to the dentist. Pain associated with tooth sensitivity typically is very abrupt. According to brannstroms hydrodynamic theory 8, when an appropriate stimulus is applied to the outer dentin surface, there is a displacement of the contents of the dentinal tubules that gives rise to a mechanical stimulation of the neurons at the pulpodentinal border. This is a common question many patients ask regarding tooth sensitivity and pain. The second hypothesis, known as hydrodynamic theory, attributes dental pain to fluid movement within dentinal tubules, and we discuss several candidate cellular mechanical transducers for the detection of fluid movement. Oiw atlalysis will bear on the inverse problem, the derij. Jan, 2020 this theory is considered with no solid evidence to support it. Hydrodynamic theory it is the most accepted theory.
The third hypothesis focuses on the potential sensory function of odontoblasts in the detection of thermal or mechanical. Asymptotic matching provides jump conditions across the flame and an. The most widely accepted theory of how the pain occurs is. In order to exhibit a response to the stimuli, the tubules would have to be.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of dental nociception. Dentin hypersensitivityetiology, treatment possibilities. Elicitation of pain by scraping of dentine, applic. According to this theory the stimuli reaches the nerve endings in the inner dentin.
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